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Record Midwest Floods Threaten Communities with “Walls of Water”

June 24, 2011 | Floods & Floodplains, Dams & Dam Removal, Global Warming, Most Endangered Rivers, Protecting Rivers, Restoring Rivers, Small Streams & Wetlands

Shana Udvardy
Director, Flood Management Policy


Roughly a quarter of the 40,000 residents evacuated Minot, North Dakota's fourth largest city due to record flooding on the Souris River.

The Souris River flows into Canada and is overtopping its levees due to heavy rainfall and releases from Canadian dams. The flooding on the Souris breaks the 1881 record and the river is expected to rise as much as 6 to 7 feet higher over the weekend.

Meanwhile, heavy rains earlier this week fell across South Dakota and northern Nebraska with as much as 6-inches inundating parts of South Dakota, causing the Missouri River to rise higher and flow faster.  Our hearts go out to the communities who are threatened by this flooding, many of whom are preparing to evacuate their homes to escape damages from levee overtopping and breaching in Missouri, Kansas, Iowa, and Nebraska.

Currently, The Missouri River elevation at Gavins Point Dam is 1208 feet, just 2 feet from the top of the spillway gates.  The Corps of Engineers will release an immense 160,000 cubic feet per second (cfs) flow, 10,000 cfs more than the current average and more than double the record 70,000 cfs back in 1997.

A mile and a half long dam on the Nebraska/South Dakota border that forms the Lewis & Clark Reservoir, Gavin's Point is last in a series six large dams along the Missouri River, designed for controlling water for navigation, flood control, recreation, among other uses. 

The dams along the Missouri River were designed and built more than 50 – 80 years ago when engineers couldn’t have predicted these intense and frequent rainfall events, the record snow pack that is late to melt, or the development that has placed people in harm’s way and caused a huge loss of natural floodplains that store and convey floodwaters.

Today we are left with a legacy of an engineered system where large, structural projects have transformed the once natural Missouri River that Lewis and Clark knew.  The Missouri River is a system of highly managed “buckets” that are spilled or not spilled depending on which use is competing the strongest.

The sober reality is that we can’t build our way out of the flooding problem.  Large structural projects like levees and dams have high operation and maintenance costs and can and do fail, often with catastrophic consequences, as we are seeing today.

While we can’t return to the days of Lewis and Clark, we can begin to study and plan for innovative solutions that allow room for the river – building out so to speak, not up.  Investing in protecting and restoring our “natural defenses” will help communities become more resilient as we continue to weather more frequent and intense storm events that will come with a changing climate.

These solutions must include options like moving people out of harm’s way, protecting and restoring floodplains, investing in floodways and bypasses, notching levees or setting levees back among other nonstructural solutions that can store and convey floodwaters naturally.  


Comments List

Submitted by Rhonda at: August 3, 2011

Whats more alarming than this is the fact that everything stops about these floods in June.. and they didn't just disappear! No one is saying anything anymore about it.. The water hasn't receded. There was a video and interactive map on MSNBC that was removed! WHY? So these states just slide on down to the gulf and no one cares?


Submitted by John P. Stoltenberg, P.E. at: July 20, 2011

I think the correct solution is (1) More reforestration in the Missouri River watershed for the purpose of holding back water. (2) More dams in the upper Missouri River to hold back flood waters and produce badly needed hydroelectric power. This is also important to stop and reverse global climate change. (3) Raising the height of all of the levees in the Missouri River and Mississippi watersheds.


Submitted by hereandnow at: July 12, 2011

Another simple solution is to lower the pools. The reservoirs, or "buckets" described in this essay, could be kept lower in the spring, leaving more room at the top of the dams for spring run-off. It's simple in that it would require no new construction or engineering, just change the March 1 storage target, now at 57 MAF. It's not simple, politically. People all up and down the river have gotten attached to high pools, for all the benefits that the water brings. So lowering the pools would be a very fair solution to flooding below dams, as it would mean shared sacrifice. --Except for navigation, which under current flow regimes would immediately take priority when pools are lower. In order to be fair, nav. should be asked to sacrifice too, with a shorter season, say. It's a travesty and folly over 60 years in the making, that this country has built some of the biggest flood-control dams in the world on the Missouri, yet we still have flooding. We want to have it both ways--flood control yet full pools. The river this year is telling us we need to choose on or the other.


Submitted by Kirk Zebolsky at: July 11, 2011

After hearing lots of talk in Omaha about alleged mismanagement of water causing the current flooding of the Missouri River in Nebraska and Iowa, this article seems to make sense. The city confirms it has spent $3.9 million on this flooding so far; has been building since mid-June a large trough on the riverfront to put excess water into the river; and is now constructing wells to protect the airport.


Submitted by C.E. Jones at: June 27, 2011

I haven't heard it discussed in this case too much, but I heard an interview on NPR that discussed how the river had been channelized and straightened to more effectively pass flows. While these techniques are effective at moving water quickly downstream, the effect is that one community's (or river reach's) problem flows are handed down the the next community. If a downstream community had also channelized their river, the high flows are quickly conveyed downstream to the next river reach. Eventually, the downstream communities are going to get way too much water too quickly and will experience a disastrous flood event. When we start to over-engineer our rivers, the river cannot respond naturally by storing water in its floodplains and associated wetlands or marshes. As a nation, we need to encourage healthy rivers by restoring our rivers, reclaiming their floodplains, allowing the rivers to become more sinuous so that flood flows are slowed and each river reach can store more flood waters in its floodplains so that no single river reach or community must face the brunt of an entire watershed's high flows. The restoration of our rivers will not only allow our rivers to maintain their adaptive capacity for low and/or high flows, but will also help make our communities more resilient to extreme high and/or low water flows.


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